1. In-text Citations - This is a short reference to the original publication found in the body of your paper. There are two parts to using APA correctly:
Example: Some researchers have suggested that many women do not negotiate their salaries and pay raises as vigorously as their male counterparts do (Baker, 2013).
First Mention: Generally the first time you mention new research in a paper, the author's last name is used in a signal phrase (example: According to...) to introduce the cited material; and place the date, in parenthesis, immediately after the author's name.
Example: According to Baker (2013), many women do not negotiate their salaries and pay raises as vigorously as their male counterparts.
In-text Citations:
- Go in parenthesis
- Go immediately after the material you are quoting or paraphrasing
- Are part of the sentence (so the period comes after citation).
- Contains author's last name and date of publication: (Baker, 2013).
- May include page number if it uses a direct quote: (Baker, 2013, p. 35).
- APA requires the year of publication in an in-text citation. Do not include month in in-text citations, even if the entry in the reference page includes the month.
In-text citations MUST be used:
- When you paraphrase (summarize others' ideas in your own words)
- When you quote from an original source
Direct Quotes:
Introduce the quote with a signal phrase that includes author's last name followed by the year of publication and page number quote came from.
Example: Critser (2003) noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still "remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young" (p. 5).
Example: Researchers noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still "remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and young (Critser, 2003, p. 5).
2. Reference Page - a full listing of all the sources you have used in your paper. This goes on a separate page at the end of your paper.
- Your sources are listed alphabetically by author’s last name
- If you quote or paraphrase anything anywhere in the paper, the source MUST appear in your reference page.
- References pages are not included in your total page number required by your instructor.
- Even if you quote only one word, you must cite it and write a reference for it.
- Order of information: author’s last name, first initial, date of publication, title of book, city of publication, country or state abbreviation, publisher.
- If there is no author, begin with the title of the work (unless it’s a government or corporate website, in which case list that first). Example: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- If there is no date, write “n.d.” for “no date.”
- References must follow APA format’s order, which depends on the type of source it is.
- Second line should be indented (hanging indent). To do this, on toolbar, go to “paragraph,” choose the tiny arrow box in the right hand corner. A pop-up box will appear. Under “Special,” choose “hanging.”
- APA Sample Reference Page
References (should be centered)
American Medical Association. (2008). American Medical Association Manual of style: A guide for authors and editors. (10th Ed.) New York: Oxford University Press.
Bauer, A., Schwertzer, C. B., & Anderson, M. B. (2001). The elements of APA style: A survery of psychology journal editors. American Psychologist, 56, 226-267.
Taylor, B.N. (1995) Guide the the use of the international system of Units (NIST Special Publication 811). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved from: http://physics.net.gov/document811.pdf.